Global annual maximum land surface water cover refers to the maximum distribution of all types of water present on the land surface, derived from all available Landsat satellite data within the year. The distribution of global land surface water cover is strongly influenced by global change, and its changes have important implications for biodiversity and the health of water-related ecosystems. The production method is to apply the remote-sensing feature indices threshold rules based on prior knowledge to extract land surface water information from multi-temporal Landsat data of the same area within a year and integrate the results into the global annual maximum land surface water cover product.