This data product presents the production of four major crops: maize, wheat, rice and soybean, in a geographical grid format. Quantifying the spatial distribution and trends in food production, and identifying the key factors limiting increased food production, are essential for taking effective action to increase food production and achieve food security in Africa. This data product comprehensively shows the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of major crop production in Africa, reflecting the synthesis of various elements such as regional land productivity, crop growth conditions and agricultural management efficiency. It contributes to the analysis of the driving mechanisms behind changes in crop production, providing valuable guidance for the growth of food production and sustainable agricultural development in Africa, and promoting the achievement of the SDG2 goal of zero hunger. This data product shows the production of four major crops: maize, wheat, rice, and soybean, presented in a geographical grid format.