This dataset is based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, using 436,967 Landsat 4-8 surface reflectance images from 1990 to 2020, combined with the Continuous Change Detection and Classification (CCDC) algorithm to generate a 30m resolution young forest age map of China in 2020. The forest extent was determined using ESA's WorldCover2020 (10m resolution), and validation samples were generated from multi-source Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) products, with a national overall accuracy of 90.28%. It was also validated for reliability against Hansen's forest change dataset, MPI-BGC global forest age dataset, and 51 field measurement samples. The data only include young forests aged 1-31 years and can be obtained via the specified link, providing detailed data support for forest carbon sink estimation and sustainable management.